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These were the origins of agriculture in the Middle East. You mention there may have been several other origins but that most domesticated plants and animals came from here. What about those other large geographically separated agricultural regions from the Middle East? Did they receive the domesticated foodstuffs from here or develop their own? Iā€™m also thinking about the Americas. Did any of these first domesticated foods or animals make it over with them? I think dogs must have but not sure about others.

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In regard to Gobekli Tepe. What tools were used to make the carvings? How does one sculpt stone without metal tools? The level of cultural advancement required to have stone carvers/masons necessary to carve the block at Gobekli Tepe would seem to argue for a more articulated and advanced level of development that permits certain classes of people to devote time to carving sufficiently to develop artistic skills and earn a living off of it. Would this be a hint that there may be something we're missing or haven't found in the archaeological record?

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Hi Patrick,

I read "Against the Grain" last year and found it fascinating, on top of being very well written and researched, and most importantly, accessible to a non-academic reader. Just curious why you chose it to base this episode on. Is Prof. Scott's work the best and latest on the topic?

Love all your work on "Tides" btw.

Thanks,

Lars

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Hi Patrick,

In the podcast you talk about the population of the Fertile Crescent increasing over the early Holocene and surprisingly during the Younger Dryas. Where did you get the population estimates from?

Thanks!

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typo: ā€œThis wasnā€™t the case anywhere on Earth agoā€

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Patrick,

Around 30:00 into the podcast, you discuss population growth in the Fertile Crescent during the Younger Dryas. How confident can we be in the population estimates and what are the methods used to arrive at these estimates?

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